The Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation has received a $1.75 million federal grant to study the impact of the coronavirus on Oklahomans.
Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the two-year project will seek to understand the immune system’s response to the virus and how that immune response varies in different ethnic groups. Additionally, the study aims to understand if the immune response is protective against future infections — or if it might worsen them.
“OMRF has a strong history and wonderful partnerships throughout the state,” said Linda Thompson, Ph.D., who will help lead the project. “That should enable us to quickly obtain blood samples from those who have been exposed to or infected by the coronavirus.”
The researchers will analyze blood donated by volunteers to understand individuals’ differing immune responses to the virus. The OMRF scientists will be looking for biological clues that might identify those individuals most likely to experience a severe response to coronavirus infection.
As a group, Oklahomans are at a somewhat higher risk for life-threatening complications from Covid-19, as they tend to have higher rates of other conditions associated with greater mortality from coronavirus infection: obesity, diabetes, heart disease and high blood pressure.
OMRF is actively recruiting individuals for Covid-19 antibody testing, especially people with these high-risk conditions, those with Native American heritage, and those who know or suspect they have recovered from the virus. If you’re interested in participating, please call 405-271-7221 or email Jackie-Keyser@omrf.org.
OMRF researchers will also be studying the roles and reactions of antibodies that form in the immune response to infection to the virus known technically as SARS-CoV-2.
“Specifically, we need to know if antibodies help fight the virus,” said Mark Coggeshall, Ph.D., who will also help lead the research. Work will focus on a phenomenon called antibody-dependent enhancement, where instead of protecting people from future infections, antibodies could actually make future infections worse.
“We have to understand all aspects of the body’s immune response and which ones correlate to good health outcomes, and we also need to understand how these vary in different ethnicities,” said Thompson. “This knowledge gap needs to be filled quickly to inform vaccine trials, some of which are already underway.”
The new funding comes as a supplement to a grant awarded to OMRF to study the immune system’s response to anthrax bacteria as part of the NIAID’s Cooperative Centers for Human Immunology.
“Our existing research on anthrax has a developed infrastructure to study immune response to a serious viral infection,” Thompson said. “So, we are set up to start this project without having to develop new methodology. The work can, and will, begin immediately.”
Coggeshall, for one, is eager to start the new project. “Our anthrax work is promising and important, but all research efforts right now should be on SARS-CoV-2 and Covid-19,” he said. “There is no more urgent issue to study in the world, and we will do everything we can to help.”

Photography and Text by Terry “Travels with Terry” Zinn t4z@aol.com

In this time of forced suspension of activities, one such even more missed than travel destinations is the suspension of theatrical shows, plays, and concerts. It’s comforting to look back over the years, and as a 72 year old I have plenty, and revel in the live performances and performers that are memorable. I call these times “In the presence of greatness.” While movie theaters are beginning to reopen, there is nothing like a meaningful and exceptional live performance.
My first theatrical experience was with the Mummers Professional Theater held in a warehouse in Oklahoma City’s on West Main street. The building is remarkably still there as are the memories of the performances of theatrical literature of Tennessee Williams, O’Neil and other classical playwrights. I was amazed at the performances and the performers. I remember fondly being taken their in my High School years by my mother and looking back it must have been exceptional theater to keep the attention of this teenager.
Decades later in the 1970s I saw and helped as a 12 hour a day intern at the Mummers Theater in its last season. The architectural award winning building was torn down for a vacant lot a few years ago, but the memories of performers such as Tamara Long, Carveth Osterhaus and Dody Goodman remain fresh and warm.
While a freshman at college I saw Carol Channing, in her record-breaking performances in OKC’s Music Hall’s Hello Dolly. I was so impressed I saw it twice, and that is saying something to buy 2 tickets with a small entertainment budget. In the era before higher security I went backstage in hopes of seeing her and followed a small group down beneath the stage to a small room, where Carol came to say “Hi.” Looking into those wide eyes and hearing that gravely voice, is an indelible memory. She was one of a kind. And still alive to me on the Hello Dolly cast album recording or on You Tube videos, I was surely in the presence of greatness then.
Other performances of greatness I saw at the Music Hall, were Louis Armstrong and Ray Charles.
In subsequent times at the Music Hall I sneaked on stage to greet and shake hands with Violin virtuoso, Joshua Bell. As my favorite violinist I have attended a number of his Oklahoma concerts with the Mozart Festival, or performances at the Music Hall and most recently on the Oklahoma State University campus.
On another backstage foray I saw in passing and up close the legendary Ethel Merman, after one of her guest concerts with the Oklahoma City Symphony. Wow, seeing her in only a glimpse a foot away was indeed my lucky night.
As you can tell my dedication to theater took me to New York City’s Broadway musicals. Top rated for me back in the 1970s was seeing the original 1973 cast of Pippin with the energetic and young Tony winner, Ben Vereen. A few years ago in Oklahoma City, the aging performer still had a bit of magic about him, but the one man show material he chose was less than satisfying. It’s a fact about live performers, that you never know their physical capabilities on any given night.
On Broadway seeing the original cast of Stephen Sondheim’s Into the Woods was memorable with Bernadette Peters playing the witch. I reveled in her recording of Sunday in the Park with George, but felt in Woods she lacked magic and energy. As one person said, it was like she was phoning it in. These feeling continued years later when she was doing a one woman small concert in Oklahoma City, where I think she was either coming down or getting over a cold and thus a disappointing performance.
In another OKC one man show, John Lithgow a consummate screen actor, chose self-absorbing material that was boring, even from sitting on the third row.
While you never know what kind of live performance you are going to get, kind of like that box of chocolates, there are other sweet morsels of performances that keep you coming back for more. In conjunction with City Rep the one-woman concerts of Audra McDonald and Patti Lapone, made up for any previous performers’ disappointment. McDonald’s pure, strong and full voice made me wish I’d have bit the expensive bullet of going to Broadway to see her award-winning performance in Porgy and Bess. La Pone’s “Ladies Who Lunch,” complete with martini glass, was a classic and an intense interpretation. Her other songs that night and theatrical stories let you know for sure you were in the presence of greatness. This was live theater you dream of.
Of course LaPone’s song is from the Stephen Sondheim musical, Company. In graduate school I made my thesis on Sondheim’s work and in particular Company. As a result of library investigation I found his Manhattan Turtle Bay address and sent him a letter requesting a copy of his unpublished song called “Silly People,” which was cut from A Little Night Music. With his generosity he sent me a rehearsal copy of the music and that started up my long time correspondence with him that ultimately resulted in an hour’s long private conversation in his townhouse. Just being in his presence and him knowing of my existence encouraged me as a playwright/librettist to this present day. Known as the best living composer/lyricist of the musical theater genre, certainly puts Sondheim in a category of greatness and I treasure the memory of being in his presence. So many memories and more to come next month.

(Editors Note: Terry Zinn is a theater graduate of Oklahoma City University with a Masters Degree in Theater from the University of Cincinnati and has attended several theatrical workshops and performed on several stages over the decades.)

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Ten students representing five Oklahoma school systems received recognition for their projects during the 2020 National History Day (NHD) contest. The national contest is the final stage in a series of contests beginning at the local/regional and state/affiliate levels. This event is held annually to highlight the work of middle and high school students from the United States and several countries around the world who have prepared projects with a particular theme in mind. The theme for 2020 was “Breaking Barriers in History,” and students presented their work in the form of papers, documentaries, performances, exhibits or websites. The Oklahoma History Center serves as the state sponsor for Oklahoma National History Day (OkNHD) and coordinates the state competition, while various local sponsors manage regional events.
Students begin their journey by presenting their projects in classrooms, schools and regional contests across the country. Top entries are invited to the state/affiliate level contests. The top two entries in each category at the state/affiliate level are then invited to the national contest. In past years, state winners have had the opportunity to travel to College Park, Maryland, for judging in the National History Day contest. However, the COVID-19 pandemic meant an alteration in how this event was traditionally held. This year, all presentations and entries were uploaded to the NHD registry, then downloaded and reviewed by the judges. The judging panels were comprised of teachers, graduate students, authors, historians and volunteers from various museums domestically, as well as seven international sites. The Smithsonian Institution, of which the Oklahoma History Center is an active affiliate, also contributed judges from its staff, as well as from other national affiliates.
“This year posed many challenges to the students, not the least was the fact that the schools were closed,” said Sarah Dumas, director of education at the Oklahoma History Center and OkNHD state coordinator. “Research on their particular projects had to be done wherever they could find it. It seems that this year’s theme, ‘Breaking Barriers,’ became a reality to all those who participated in this wonderful event.”
Judging for the national contest, also done virtually, was completed between May 23 and June 6. The Oklahoma students who earned honors at the 2020 National History Day competition are as follows:
1. First Place in Senior Group Website: Evan McCrackin, Justin Yang and Shoaib Jamil for their website entitled “For the Rainbow Children of God: Desmond Tutu’s Perilous Conquest against South African Apartheid.” Their teacher at Norman Public Schools is Margaret Wadleigh.
2. Special Award for Discovery or Exploration in History: Amelia Peoples, Cate Mossman and Kate Schein for their Senior Group Documentary entitled “The Journey to Mars: How Donna Shirley Broke Barriers for Women in Space Engineering.” Their teacher at Classen School of Advanced Studies in Oklahoma City is Billy Tillman.
3. Special Award for Equality in History: Alexa Delgado and McKayla Howerton for their Junior Group Exhibit entitled “Woman vs. Woman.” Their teacher at Canton Public Schools is Penny Heath.
4. Special Award for Outstanding Junior State Entry: Zayda Sherwood for Junior Paper entitled “Love Conquers All: How Loving v. Virginia Helped Break Racial Barriers.” Her teacher at Canton Public Schools is Penny Heath.
5. Special Award for Outstanding Senior State Entry: Jordan Mason for her Senior Individual Performance entitled “Bright Not Broken: The Barrier Between Autism and Agriculture.” Her teacher at Burns Flat-Dill City Public Schools is Patsy Lyles.
National History Day is a nonprofit education organization in College Park, Maryland. Established in 1974, NHD offers year-long academic programs that engage more than half a million middle and high school students around the world annually in conducting original research on historical topics of interest. NHD also seeks to improve the quality of history education by providing professional development opportunities and curriculum materials for educators.
The Oklahoma History Center is a division of the Oklahoma Historical Society and is an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution, National Archives and is an accredited member of the American Alliance of Museums. The mission of the Oklahoma Historical Society is to collect, preserve and share the history and culture of the state of Oklahoma and its people. Founded in 1893 by members of the Territorial Press Association, the OHS maintains museums, historic sites and affiliates across the state. Through its research archives, exhibits, educational programs and publications the OHS chronicles the rich history of Oklahoma. For more information about the OHS, please visit www.okhistory.org.

The warning alarm knifed through the humid air as my foursome exited the eighth green. Dark clouds overhead meant rain was imminent; the accompanying siren signaled lightning had been spotted and all golfers were to clear the course immediately.
IMMEDIATELY.
We scrambled into our carts and beelined for the clubhouse, never once considering remaining on the course and playing 10 more holes. Despite seeing pockets of sun trying to poke through the gloom, I’ve seen enough charred tree trunks on golf courses to know the power of a lightning bolt. Not to mention the fact that a golf bag is basically comprised of 14 metal sticks.
Besides, rules are rules, right?
As we approached the clubhouse, we saw plenty of other golfers heading … the opposite direction. A foursome of cigar-chomping bros was teeing off on number one. A dad with his daughter, no more than 8 and the proud owner of a pink flowered golf bag, appeared ready to start their round, rain, lightning and rules be damned.
Such is the nature of living in a country synonymous with freedom. The Cambridge dictionary defines freedom as “the condition or right of being able or allowed to do, say, think, etc. whatever you want to, without being controlled or limited.” And my, oh my, are we getting good at it.
Turn off our cellphones because it’s time for the plane to push back from the gate? Sorry, I’m on an important call with my swimming pool contractor and my freedom takes precedence over an on-time departure.
Leash our dog in a bird-watching section of Central Park because that’s what the signs say? Too bad. That’s a violation of my dog’s constitutional rights, never mind that my dog can’t distinguish a copy of the Constitution from a rolled-up newspaper.
Wear a mask in a retail establishment because doing so might ward off a virus that has killed more than 100,000 people and doesn’t seem to be abating despite, um, warm weather? Excuse me, but nobody tells me how and where to breathe for doing so is a violation of my air intake freedom.
Looking back, I’m starting to question all the parenting decisions I made with my children, now 18 and 23. At the community pool, when lifeguards simultaneously blew their whistles at 50 minutes past each hour, it signaled “Adult Swim” for the next 10 minutes. If my kids dawdled, my wife and I yelled, “Out of the pool. You know the rules.”
Think of all the valuable swimming time my children missed. I should have yelled, “Keep swimming, girls. Nobody can tell you to leave the pool. That’s a violation of your Marco Polo freedom.”
When they were high school students, and the temptations of alcohol began to appear, we were firm: No parties in our house with liquor, for underage drinking is against the law. Silly us. I should have set up a fully stocked bar in my basement. And when police arrived to shut down the festivities, I should have scolded them for illegally entering my premises, verbally harassing the guests — including the 15-year-old cheerleader puking in the bathroom — and impinging on the kids’ First Amendment rights to openly discuss the new Selena Gomez single. That’s a veritable trifecta of freedom violations.
And what about my freedoms? The town where I live has an ordinance stating I can only run my yard sprinklers on even numbered calendar days. Ha! My grass blades are on my property and it should be up to me to decide when they receive nourishment. If I’m slapped with a fine, I’ll take my cues from our freedom-loving president and appeal this horrible injustice all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court.
I could go on and on stating all the times my freedoms have been trampled, but this column is due and I’m under strict orders to have it in by Tuesday morning.
On second thought, I’ll submit it whenever I feel like it. Need I say why?
(Greg Schwem is a corporate stand-up comedian and author of two books: “Text Me If You’re Breathing: Observations, Frustrations and Life Lessons From a Low-Tech Dad” and the recently released “The Road To Success Goes Through the Salad Bar: A Pile of BS From a Corporate Comedian,” available at Amazon.com. Visit Greg on the web at www.gregschwem.com.)

You’ve enjoyed reading, and laughing at, Greg Schwem’s monthly humor columns in Senior Living News. But did you know Greg is also a nationally touring stand-up comedian? And he loves to make audiences laugh about the joys, and frustrations, of growing older. Watch the clip and, if you’d like Greg to perform at your senior center or senior event, contact him through his website at www.gregschwem.com)

story and photo by Bobby Anderson, Staff Writer

Three kids, final exams and a 12-hour shift at the hospital in front of her.
Lauri Gosney has a way to deal with all of it.
She cranks up the music and let’s loose.
“I can’t not dance,” the Oklahoma City Community College nursing student said. “It’s my happy place.”
Gosney first went to college at Rose State where she worked as a lifeguard and taught senior citizen water aerobics.
The Zumba craze happened shortly after she had her kids. One class and she was hooked.
“I tried my first class in March of 2009 and started teaching in May 2009 and have taught ever since,” she said. “I just love to dance and I have absolutely no shame as far as dancing goes.”
And she’s helped hundreds get through quarantine and now social distancing through her online Zumba workouts via Zoom.
Gosney teaches classes at The Health Club in Norman, which has opened back up with distancing restrictions.
But for anyone who needs them, Gosney hosts online classes from her home.
An active group of friends and followers on Facebook find out her Zoom times weekly and attend from the comfort of their own home, garage, park or wherever.
“This is what I generally like to tell people: if you’re worried about what you you look like or about looking dumb just don’t care,” said Gosney, who loves to dance so much she once taught a class at 8:30 p.m. before having her baby six hours later. “We’re all working out having fun and enjoying dancing. No one cares about what the other people look like.”
“Focus on you because that’s what it should be about – your fitness or your stress relief or your enjoyment. If you enjoy what you’re doing you’re going to look cool at what you’re doing and people will want to do it with you.”
Gosney tells people they can turn off their own video and just watch her. Even she’s too busy to focus on 30 or more frames of people individually.
“It is a nice thing to get people a chance to try it who have been scared to try,” she said. “If I can see someone that’s new to a class I can break it down a little more.”
Gosney says she has the occasional participant Venmo her $5 or $10 but it’s not what she does it for.
“The amount of money I could make doing this is not enough to push it,” she said. “I just enjoy doing it. It’s a hobby for me. I like to dance. I’d rather just dance and people come rather than try to make $30 off a class.”
“I feel like I have a following. People have been coming to my class for 10 years.”
Gosney graduated from Harrah High School before heading to Rose State to play soccer. Her soccer coach also happened to be the boss at the college pool.
She would spend 10 years as a lifeguard total, even earning lifeguard of the Year for the entire southwest region twice.
“I’ve got that competitive nature so any competition I’m going to try really hard,” she said.
Now with kids ages 14, 11 and eight, her next competition is with herself and nursing school.
A stay-at-home mom for 14 years, Gosney wanted to find a career with security. She settled on nursing.
“It kind of was more of a necessity,” she explained. “I found out I was pretty good at it.”
At the hospital, Gosney works on a critical care floor taking care of anywhere between eight and 12 patients as a certified nursing assistant.
“I was definitely shocked at how much work there is,” she said. “I don’t sit down a lot. It’s go, go, go, go but I kind of like it. It makes the day go by so fast.”
It’s fast-paced and good experience.
I definitely wanted some experience,” she said. “I had never even worked in a healthcare setting and if I was going to become a nurse I wanted that experience and just be able to get my foot in the door as far as what kind of nurse I would like to be. And using the skills I’ve learned so far at the patient bedside setting will help me be more confident as a nurse.”

There is a buzz of excitement at the Oklahoma City Zoo and Botanical Garden with the recent discovery of a unique pollinator, the two-spotted bumblebee, Bombus bimaculatus, at the OKC Zoo. This species of bumblebee has not been found in Oklahoma since 1999.
Bee researcher, José Montalva, recognized the two-spotted bumblebee earlier this month on Zoo grounds. A graduate student at the University of Oklahoma and an instructor at East Central University, Montalva is conducting an ongoing survey at the OKC Zoo to study native bees that inhabit the park and record which floral resources they use, and what other environmental factors (biotic and abiotic) benefit bees. To date, Montalva has recorded almost 40 species of native bees at the Zoo. This study is made possible by a grant from the Kirkpatrick Foundation and the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences at East Central University.
“What a thrill to learn that our funding dollars have led to the identification of a favorite creature vital to the future of Oklahoma ecology,” said Louisa McCune, Kirkpatrick Foundation’s executive director. “Bumblebees have needed research support like never before, so that makes it especially wonderful to see the Oklahoma City Zoo have such a breakthrough discovery.”
Oklahoma’s diverse bioregions provide habitat to a variety of bee species. At one time, the state was home to ten species of bumblebees including the two-spotted bumblebee but a study completed in 2015 by L. Figueroa and E. Bergey identified only four species of bumblebee thriving here.
“Finding this bumblebee back in Oklahoma after two decades is a great indication that the OKC Zoo provides vital habitat for native species,” said Rebecca Snyder, OKC Zoo’s director of conservation and science. “The Zoo is committed to helping increase pollinator populations through research and local conservation efforts aimed at creating more habitat. The Zoo also hopes to inspire people to care about the future of these important insects.”
Bumblebees are a social, charismatic species of bee that are found on almost every continent. The two-spotted bumblebee is fuzzy with a mostly yellow thorax with patches of black hairs at the base of its wings. They also have a distinct two-spotted yellow patch of hair on their second abdominal area. These valuable insects perform the critical role of pollinating the world’s flowering plants and crops and without them our ecosystems and economies would be in trouble. Worldwide bumblebee populations are experiencing dramatic population declines due to habitat fragmentation, pesticides and climate events.
The OKC Zoo currently maintains four on-site beehives. The bees contribute to the pollination process across the Zoo’s 100+ acres, keeping the numerous designated horticultural displays including the Zoo’s outdoor butterfly garden – the largest in Oklahoma – naturally vibrant and thriving. All four beehives are located in an undeveloped area south of the elephant habitat, away from walking paths and animal habitats accessible to guests.
The Oklahoma City Zoo is open daily at 8 a.m. and advance tickets are required for all guests and ZOOfriends members. Tickets can be purchased at http://www.okczoo.org/tickets and are limited each day to ensure adequate social distancing between guests. Some of the Zoo’s indoor habitats are still closed to minimize potential transmission of COVID-19. The Zoo is open daily from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. now through Labor Day, Monday, September 7, 2020.

Located at the crossroads of I-44 and I-35, the OKC Zoo is a proud member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, the American Alliance of Museums, Oklahoma City’s Adventure District and an Adventure Road partner. Regular admission is $12 for adults and $9 for children ages 3-11 and seniors ages 65 and over. Children two and under are admitted free. Stay up-to-date with the Zoo on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram and by visiting Our Stories. Zoo fans can support the OKC Zoo by becoming Oklahoma Zoological Society members at ZOOfriends.org. To learn more about these and other happenings, call (405) 424-3344 or visit okczoo.org.

Dear Savvy Senior,

I lost my job last month because of the coronavirus crisis. With little savings, I’ve been thinking about starting my Social Security benefits early to help me get by. But my question is, if I find a new job can I stop my Social Security benefits and restart them at a later date so they can continue to grow? Almost 63

Dear Almost,
Creating a living will (also known as Yes, there are actually two ways you can stop your Social Security retirement benefits (once you’ve started collecting them) and restart them at a later date, which would boost your benefits. But in order to do this certain rules and conditions must be met. Here are your options.
Withdraw your benefits: One way to pause your Social Security benefits is to simply withdraw your Social Security application. But this must be done within 12 months of starting your benefits and you’ll also have to repay what you’ve received so far. If you choose this option, Social Security will treat your application for early benefits as if it never happened.
To withdraw your benefits, you’ll need to complete Form SSA-521 (SSA.gov/forms/ssa-521.pdf) and send it to your local Social Security office. Also be aware that you can only withdraw benefits once in a lifetime.
Suspend your benefits: If you aren’t eligible for withdrawal, but you’ve reached your full retirement age and have not yet reached age 70, another option is to voluntarily suspend your retirement benefits. With the suspension option you don’t have to repay the benefits you’ve received, and you can restart them anytime you wish, or they will be automatically be reinstated at age 70. (See SSA.gov/planners/retire/ageincrease.html to find your full retirement age.)
By suspending your benefits you’ll earn delayed retirement credits, which means your benefit amount increases for every month of the suspension. Your payment will go up by two-thirds of 1 percent monthly or 8 percent annually. A benefit of $1,500 monthly, for example, increases by $10 for each month you have benefits suspended.
You can request a suspension by phone (800-772-1213) or in person at your local Social Security office.
Working and Collecting Benefits
If you start collecting Social Security and you do go back to work, but your income is modest, you may want to continue drawing your benefits while working at the same time. But if your earnings are higher, it makes sense to stop your benefits.
Social Security has a “retirement earnings test” that says if you’re under your full retirement age and you earn more than $18,240 in 2020, Social Security will deduct $1 from your benefits for every $2 you earn over that amount. Those who reach full retirement age in 2020 a less stringent rule applies. In this case, $1 gets taken out for every $3 you make above $48,600 until you reach the month of your birthday.
It’s also important to know that if you were to lose some or all of your Social Security benefits because of the earning limits, they aren’t lost forever. When you reach full retirement age, your benefits will be recalculated to a higher amount to make up for what was withheld.
Also, if you do decide to work and collect Social Security benefits at the same time, you need to factor in Uncle Sam too. Because working increases your income, it might make your Social Security benefits taxable.
Here’s how this works. If your combined income is between $25,000 and $34,000 as an individual or between $32,000 and $44,000 as joint filers, you will pay tax on up to 50 percent of your Social Security benefits. If you earn above the upper limit of these ranges, you will pay tax on up to 85 percent of your benefits. To help you calculate this see the IRS publication 915 at IRS.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p915.pdf.

Send your senior questions to: Savvy Senior, P.O. Box 5443, Norman, OK 73070, or visit SavvySenior.org. Jim Miller is a contributor to the NBC Today show and author of “The Savvy Senior” book.

Stephenson Cancer Center at OU Medicine took part in an international clinical trial that proved the effectiveness of an oral medication for metastatic prostate cancer, the first treatment advance for that disease in many years.
Results of the trial, which studied the drug relugolix, were published in the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine. One of the lead authors is Michael Cookson, M.D., Stephenson Cancer Center urologic oncologist and chair of the Department of Urology in the OU College of Medicine.
The mainstay of treatment for metastatic prostate cancer is androgen deprivation therapy, also called hormonal therapy, in which a man’s testosterone level is lowered in order to put cancer cells into a state of remission. For many years, the therapy has been available only in the form of an injection, which sends a signal to the brain to shut down the production of testosterone. The new trial studying the oral drug relugolix showed the same ability to lower testosterone, perhaps even better, as well as a decrease in several side effects that occurred with the injection.
“Prostate cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer deaths among men,” Cookson said. “This study is exciting because it is the first trial to demonstrate that men can take a pill instead of having to go to the doctor’s office for shots, and the cancer control is just as effective. But there were several additional findings that are also positive.”
One of the trial’s bonus findings centers around how a man’s testosterone is lowered, Cookson said. Injections work by stimulating the pituitary gland so that there is initially a slight overproduction of testosterone before it starts to lower. That “flare” of testosterone after the injection delays the effectiveness of the therapy. However, the drug relugolix is able to tell the brain to stop producing testosterone immediately without a flare.
“In addition, because the pills directly send the message to stop testosterone production, they lowered the testosterone level faster than injections do, and kept it lower over the duration of the study,” Cookson said. “And perhaps even more interesting is that once men stopped taking the pill, their testosterone level rebounded fairly quickly, whereas men who received injections can take up to a year to go back to their normal testosterone levels.”
Another important finding of the trial was a decrease in cardiovascular side effects in men who received the oral drug vs. the injection. While cardiovascular side effects were not eliminated in men who took the pill, they were significantly lowered, Cookson said.
Stephenson Cancer Center was one of many centers around the world that collectively enrolled more than 900 men to the trial. The patients were randomized to receive either the injection or the oral drug, then their health was monitored for 48 weeks. The next, and final, step is to seek approval from the Food and Drug Administration to offer the drug relugolix to patients with metastatic prostate cancer.
Because Stephenson is a National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center and one of the nation’s top enrollers in NCI clinical trials, it treats many men with metastatic prostate cancer, Cookson said.
“This clinical trial is part of our portfolio for men with this disease,” he said. “Our prostate cancer program is unique because it is truly multidisciplinary, offering the most advanced medical, surgical and radiation therapy treatments with access to clinical trials, all at the same center.”